The Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, together with ESS ERIC is announcing a Call for Papers for the ESS Budapest Conference entitled ‘European societies in times of turmoil. Snapshots from the European Social Survey’. 
The purpose of the conference is to bring together researchers, analysts and policy makers to share and discuss scholarly research and analyses based on data of the European Social Survey, especially but not exclusively to topics covered by its last, 9th survey round. The conference aims to provide forum for papers that analyse the state of and changes in societies in Europe. Organizers welcome abstracts:
  • that address topics covered by the R9 rotating modules (Timing of Life, and Social Justice and Fairness) of ESS comparatively across Europe;
  • reflects on the most recent challenges of Europe including rise of populism and polarization, migration and refugee flows, health related attitudes.
  • that offer regional comparisons and demonstrate diverging or converging trends in Europe;
  • that investigate methodological challenges that survey research in Europe face, ones that initiate scholarly debate.​

Program

9:00 - 9:30 Registration
9:20 - 10:00 Introductory session
ESS at the cross-roads.  A provisional strategy for the development of the infrastructure.
Rory Fitzgerald, Director of the European Social Survey 
10:00- 11:40 Panel 1: Fairness and social justice
Discussant: Fruzsina Albert (research professor, Institute for Sociology, CSS)
Alice Ramos, Isabel Correia, Jorge Vala and José Santana Pereira (University of Lisbonidad Lisboa)
​Individual determinants of norms of justice: the particular case of far-right supporters.​
Following the understanding of Koller (1995) justice refers to the normative conception of the allocation and distribution of resources and burdens in a social aggregate. Four main norms on how to proceed with this distribution have been proposed: meritocracy (Kluegel and Smith, 1986) or equity (Adams, 1963); equality and need (Deutsch, 1975); and entitlement (Miller, 1979). The aim of this presentation is to analyse the individual determinants of each of the four justice norms in European countries, with a special focus on the ideological cleavage between far- left and far- right political orientations. Differences and similarities between extreme left and extreme right have been deeply studied. While some authors have pointed similarities, for instance, authoritarian personality (e.g. Shills 1954), far- right and far- left supporters hold sharply contrasting views, among many others, on questions of social welfare, economic equality, racial equality, women's rights or sexual freedom (McClosky and Chong, 2009), as well as on the political realm, namely in the extent to which they embrace populist attitudes (Marcos-Marne et al., 2021). How different are far -left and far- right supporters regarding social justice norms? Moreover, in what degree are far- right supporters distinct not only from the far- left, but also from the center right allies.? Results drawn on data from the ESS9 module on Justice and Fairness in Europe, show that far- right supporters are not only significantly different from the far- left, as from the rest of the political orientations along the political spectrum. In fact, far- right supporters display a higher support to the norms of meritocracy and entitlement, and a lower support to the norms of need and equality than the remainder respondents. Importantly, these effects remain in the presence of traditional control variables, including the belief in a just world.
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Keywords: Social Justice, norms of justice, extremism
Manuela Bonacci (Inapp, Italy)
ESS cross-country findings for education and Labour Markets challenges ​
Over the past 15 years, the European panorama of working and social life has continued to experience demanding changes in its structure. Contemporary society could be considered as a puzzle with different pieces: sometimes, the integration of these pieces into the working and social structure is relatively simple, in other cases it is more complex. And the events of recent years are pushing for a more and more awareness towards future challenges. Global issues are impacting on education and labour market systems, together with the complicated situation due to the pandemic, we experienced in the past two years, and a war which is striking Europe, in terms of ethical principles and economy. All these factors make crucial for education and labour market systems to assume a socially sustainable structure. This paper aims at providing a comparative assessment of cross-country variations regarding components investigated in the European Social Survey (ESS), and mainly detected in the Justice and Fairness rotating module of the nineth round of the survey. In particular, differences and analogies regarding the possibility to achieve a desired level of education and an adequate job, connected with aspects of satisfaction towards life and democracy, also analysed in connection with processes of integration and discrimination when connected to gender and sexuality are analysed in this paper. Results may support policy makers in their decision-making process. Data from all participating countries are analysed, and few countries have been selected according to their specific cultural, welfare and labour market characteristics. The focus starts from responses derived from the Italy context which represents a southern European conception, characterized by criticized educational (and in general all governmental) systems and difficulties of the labour market (high young unemployment rate) and eventually a low level of trust. Findings are compared to other contexts where the perception of trust and future possibilities is more positive as well as the quality of the services provided (European northern countries, Finland). Diversities of opinions and attitudes are gathered from countries where many different ethnicities, beliefs, and traditions reside, and perspectives are therefore dense and complicated (Central Eastern Europe, Poland). The emphasis on gender and sexuality aspects is also meant to gather top-notch practices at European level which may be eventually beneficial for further analysis connected with the Gender rotating module which will be included in the eleventh ESS round.
Fairness and justice, life
Rasa Indriliūnaitė and Apolonijus Žilys (Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania)
Life course transitions: cohabitation, marriage, and parenthood choices in Lithuania
The aim of this presentation is to reveal the behaviour, attitudes, and beliefs of the Lithuanian population towards some of the key elements of the life course schedule, including the beginning of family life - forming a partnership or a marriage and becoming a parent. How these attitudes are influenced by normative cultural attitudes and whether the so-called "standard" sequence of family life events (partnership, marriage, childbearing) is maintained. The extent to which the family life scenarios defined by the Lithuanian population are similar to the family life scenarios defined by the population of other European countries. The empirical part of the paper is based on data from the 9th wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2019. The results reveal that only a small proportion of respondents believe that their family life events started on time, and most of respondents note that the sequence of the demographic calendar does not coincide with their perception of the most appropriate timing of the start of life. These differences reflect both general trends in the social maturity calendar and the structural economic and social changes that some respondents experienced at the beginning of the country's independence, which may have had a significant impact on both the implementation of demographic events (e.g. postponement of marriage) and respondents' attitudes towards them.
Kerywords: Life course, family decisions, LithuaniaJustice and Fairness, pay, gender​
Vladimir Mentus (Institute of Social Sciences, Serbia
Pay fairness perception and gender inequality across Europe
Despite being paid less, much of the previous research indicates that women also have lower pay aspirations, higher pay and job satisfaction, and perceive their pay level as fair compared to men. These inconsistencies are most often explained by the following two theories. According to social comparison theory, women compare their lower earnings primarily with that of other underpaid women. On the other hand, reward expectations theory advocates specific forms of gender status beliefs, where women's inputs into the labour market might be perceived as being of less value than men's. Our aim is to examine how societal gender equality affects individual gender differences in pay fairness perception. Considering findings that the adjusted gender pay gap is smaller in more gender-equal societies, it may be assumed that the pay fairness perception gap is also smaller in these societies. On the other hand, according to the gender equality paradox, this gap is expected to be actually larger in gender-equal societies. More concretely, a gender-equal context should weaken the gender-biased referential structures in fairness evaluations. Such structures make gender differences to be unconsciously perceived as legitimate. We use a cross-sectional hierarchical linear modelling and the data from the last round of the European Social Survey (ESS), including twenty-nine countries and nearly 50,000 respondents. In the ESS, the perception of fairness in one's pay is measured on a nine-point scale. We measure societal gender inequality using the UN Gender Inequality Index. Our results indicate, first, that around 14% of the variation in pay fairness perception lies at the country level. Furthermore, women perceive their pay as less fair compared to men, although this effect is very weak. Most importantly, gender equality is not a significant moderator of this association: the gender gap in perceived pay fairness is not different in more gender-equal societies.
Kerywords: Life course, family decisions, Lithuania
 11:40 - 11:55 Coffee break 
11:55- 13:10 Panel 2: Political participation and populism
Discussant: Péter Róbert (research professor, Institute for Political Science, CSS)
Julia Trautendorfer, Lisa Schmidthuber and Dennis Hilgers (JKU Linz and Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria)
​Explaining varying levels of citizen satisfaction with government: The effect of political participation and perceived transparency
​By granting citizens a way to express their opinion and raise their voice, possibilities of political participation can contribute to citizens’ trust-building, to their perception of government performance and ultimately to their satisfaction with government. There are arguments underpinning a positive association between forms of institutionalized participation such as engaging in political action groups or campaigns, and rising levels of satisfaction with government. In contrast, non-institutionalized (or elite-challenging) participation like taking part in strikes or demonstrations is assumed to heighten political instability and is thus negatively associated with satisfaction with government. An underlying factor for triggering off this emerging mobilization among citizens and potentially decreasing public satisfaction could be a perceived lack of government transparency and openness. In this study, we focus on citizen satisfaction with government and examine whether and to what extent it can be explained by perceived transparency and different political participation in democratically governed Western societies. Principal-agency theory should substantiate the combination of these factors. Multilevel regression models based on survey data from the European Social Survey are applied for analyzing citizens’ attitudes in the comparative frame of European countries. While we find evidence that higher perceived transparency and lower activism in form of non-institutionalized political participation are associated with increasing satisfaction with government, we cannot confirm the anticipated effects for institutionalized political participation. Further exploratory findings draw attention to the interplay between perceived transparency and forms of political participation and how this linkage indirectly affects satisfaction.

Keywords: Satisfaction with government, political participation, government openness
Cameron Mailhot, Alfred Marleku and Ridvan Peshkopia (Cornell University, USA; University for Business and Technology, Kosovo)
​Explaining East-West Divergences in Political Participation: The Role of Individuals’ Perceptions of Political Efficacy
What explains the disparity in formal and informal political participation in post-Communist countries? It is well known that the post-communist countries in Europe continue to face significant disparities in political participation, as compared to their non-communist European counterparts. Previous scholarship has focused on the effects of the “New Socialist Man” project on voting and civic participation, emphasizing the severe impact that communist regimes’ efforts to restructure society and state-society relations has on civic participation. However, the debate remains unsettled. Contributing to this debate, we argue that this discrepancy is determined, in no small part, by individuals’ beliefs regarding political efficacy: citizens in post-communist countries who believe in their capability to affect politics at the individual (personal) or systemic (political-structural) level are more likely to engage, both informally and formally, in politics than those in post-communist countries who do not hold such beliefs. We test this claim with data from the 9th Round of the European Social Survey (2018), finding robust support for the claim that citizens in post-communist countries with strong, positive beliefs regarding political efficacy are more likely to engage in both formal and informal political processes, at rates closer to their Western European counterparts. These findings draw attention to the important role of beliefs and attitudes in determining political behavior, and they provide clear evidence of the ability of such factors to overcome the enduring legacies of communism, 30 years out.
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Keywords: Political participation, political efficacy
Ligita Sarkute (Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania) and Algis Krupavicius (Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania)
​Perceptions of justice and voting for populist parties: results of qualitative comparative analysis
The development of European societies over the last few decades has been marked by two important trends: growing social inequality and increasing voting for populist parties. It is assumed that supporters of populist parties feel relatively deprived, because they think they get less than they deserve in comparison with other groups of society. It is mainly related with procedural justice which refers to people’s beliefs about how fairly authorities are making decisions concerning the distribution of outcomes.
We attempt to address how the perceptions of justice, measured in ESS R9 module “Justice and Fairness in Europe”, is related with voting for populist parties in different countries. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is used to identify if the strong feelings of social injustice is a necessary or/and sufficient condition of populist voting. Whereas QCA is focused on examining complex combinations of explanatory variables as antecedents of the outcome (in our case – populist voting) other expected prerequisites of populist voting are also analysed.
We concentrate on variables mainly related with demand-side of populist voting but not including the supply-side. Expected causal variables we include in QCA are: high level income inequality measured by GINI coefficient, high level of egoistic concerns in society and strong resistance to immigration. As we are mainly interested with perceptions of justice as a prerequisite of voting for populist parties, QCA will reveal whether this factor must be accompanied with other previously mentioned factors, is it sufficient alone to induce populist voting, or it does not have any significance in electoral success of populist parties. The level of analysis and unit of comparison is a country.

Keywords: Perception of social jusitce, populist preferences
13:10 - 14:00 Lunch
14:00- 15:40 Panel 3: Attitudes towards immigrants and their determinants
Discussant: Endre Sik (research professor, Institute for Sociology, CSS)
Veronika Fajth (University of Birmingham, UK): The role of host country characteristics in immigrant integration
The role of host country characteristics in immigrant integration: A cross-European analysis ​
Although it is generally accepted that the host country context plays a role in immigrants’ integration, the specifics of this dynamic are less established. Exploiting the variety of institutional and contextual differences within Europe, this article conducts a wide-ranging multilevel analysis of the links between host country characteristics and individual migrant outcomes. Combining individual data on immigrants in 30 European countries from the European Social Survey (2014-18) with macro-level indicators on 72 country-year contexts, the study examines whether more favorable economic indicators, warmer attitudes towards immigrants, and more liberal integration policies are associated with better outcomes for immigrants (in terms of occupational attainment, political engagement, health, life satisfaction, and perceived in-group discrimination). Findings offer some general support for these hypotheses, though with important differences across specific factors and outcomes. The article helps fill in prior evidence gaps and advances the study of migrant integration by offering a unique comparative overview of how specific host country factors relate to different dimensions of integration.

Keywords: Immigration, integration
Vera Messing and Bence Ságvári (Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary)
Are immigrant attitudes the Holy grail of populist?
In this paper we aim to discuss attitudes towards immigrants in a European context and analyse drivers of anti-immigrant attitudes such as the feeling of control, basic human values, political orientation and preferences related to right-wing populism. Based on data from the European Social Survey, we first describe how attitudes of people in Europe changed throughout a period of almost two decades (between 2002 and 2018). We will show that although attitudes are influenced by a number of demographic and subjective features of individuals, on the macro-level they seem to be surprisingly stable, yet hide significant cross-country differences. Then, we zoom in to the three most significant elements influencing attitudes towards immigrants: the feeling of control, basic human values, and political orientation. Applying a multi-level model we test the validity of three theories about factors informing attitudes towards immigrants—competition theory, locus of control, and the role of basic human values—and include time (pre- and post-2015 refugee-crisis periods) into the analysis. In the discussion we link ESS data to recent research on populism in Europe that categorizes populist parties across the continent, and establish that the degree to which anti-migrant feelings are linked to support for political populism varies significantly across European countries. We show that right-wing populist parties gather and feed that part of the population which is very negative towards migrants and migration in general, and this process is also driven by the significance awarded the value of security vis-à-vis humanitarianism.
Miroslava Bo​zogáňová and Ivana Piterová (Institute of Social Sciences, Slovakia)
Insights into regional and national differences of the predictions of migration attitudes: V4 and regions of Slovakia
A considerable body of literature has been devoted to attitudes towards migration at the international level; however, little attention has been paid to regional differences, that may be less explicit. This study is a continuation of our research, which presents regional differences in migration attitudes across V4, and Slovakia, based on the 9. Round of the ESS data. The aim of this study is to examine, which of the selected variables explain attitudes towards immigrants, perceived economic and cultural threats in V4 countries, and, subsequently, within the regions of the Slovak Republic. Regression analyses showed that the examined variables (gender, age, education, political orientation, satisfaction in general, institutional and social trust, attachment to the country/Europe, perceived safety, and perception of the political system) explained attitudes towards immigrants, perceived economic and cultural threats at the V4 country level, and the Slovak regional level to varying extents. We assumed that such differences could be partly explained by the different characteristics of the respondents and regions, which opens room for further investigation of migration topics in a wider regional context. Regional variation is a complex question that is worth examining. The case of Slovakia, which is specific to the low number of migrants and foreigners, relative ethnic homogeneity, can be a good example of the fact that not the number of immigrants but the characteristics of natives (and immigrants) are more decisive in forming migration attitudes. These results may be relevant for other post-socialist countries, where historical experience, a strong national identity, lack of trust, and the strong influence of media and populist politicians may increase negative attitudes towards migration and polarize society.
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Keywords: Migration attitudes, regional differences, V4
Odelia Heizler and Osnat Israeli (Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Ashkelon Academic College, Israel)
Does a tragic event affect different aspects of attitudes toward immigration?
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​The issue of refugees is at the top of the public agenda, intensified by the fact that more than 6 million refugees have recently fled Ukraine. A question arises as to whether attitudes toward refugees are affected by dramatic images coming from Ukraine, and more generally how dramatic events affect public opinion. To answer this question, we use the drowning of 3-year-old Alan Kurdi, a Syrian boy whose body washed up on a Turkish shore, and was photographed, producing an iconic image. The image evoked empathy and compassion that neuroscience and psychological research associate with a motivation to help. This paper examines the impact of this event on four different aspects of attitudes toward immigration, some of which are more closely linked to pro-social behavior than others. The timing of the European Social Survey (2014/2015) in Portugal allowed us to use this tragic event as a natural experiment. Our results show that Kurdi’s drowning had a significant effect on emotion-related sentiments, but no such impact was detected on other attitudes. Robustness checks support these findings. The results suggest that the event did not change the respondents' opinion regarding the possible negative consequences of immigration on the host country’s economy, nor did it change their perception of the skills required by immigrants. On the other hand, the empathy induced by the tragic event increased their willingness to have a less restrictive immigration policy and their openness to having close social relationships with immigrants. Consequently, the current research enables to distinguish between attitudes that are more emotion-affected and aspects of attitudes less affected by feelings, perhaps because they involve more cognitive facets, and thus it displays the limitations of compassion on public opinion.
 
Keywords: Methodology, survey experiments, attitudes toward immigration
 15:40 - 16:00 Coffee break 
16:00- 18:00 Panel 5: Challenges of surveying people, measuring complex social phenomena
Discussant: -
Blanka Szeitl, Vera Messing and Bence Ságvári (CSS, Hungary)
Multifaceted biases inherent to surveys. Comparing self-completion and interviewer assisted surveys in Hungary.
This article presents the results of a pilot push-to-web (PtW) survey conducted in the framework of the European Social Survey (ESS) methodological experiment and was conducted in December 2020 in Hungary, Austria and Serbia. The basic question of the research is whether a self-completion survey on an identical stratified random sample, combining online and offline questionnaire forms, can replace a face-to-face survey. The relevance of this experiment lies in the strategic plans of the ESS to change its data collection mode from classical face-to-face to self-completion hybrid data collection by R13 in all countries[1]. The authors present their experience in implementing the experimental hybrid survey by focusing on whether it can be used to replace face-to face surveys while identifying biases inherent to such an approach. The authors give a detailed account of the research's effectiveness in terms of nonresponse rates, response rates and the composition of the sample, and compare these with relevant data from the ESS Hungarian data in round 9 (2019) and the 2016 microcensus. The main finding of the experiment is that the PtW hybrid survey results in a similar response rate (around 40%) to the face-to-face survey, but that the sample composition is different from the ESS R9: it reinforces some problematic dimensions (more skewed towards urban population and educated groups), while improving some 'gaps' (e.g., age group equalisation). Another important finding concerns the differences in responses compared to interviewer administered surveys: people tend to answer sensitive questions differently when they are on their own compared to when an interviewer asks the questions. However the four types of biases: mode effect, the effect of time, the effect of COVID and the effect of the sample composition could not be disentangled completely in this research design. Our conclusion is that after proper preparation and weighting, PtW hybrid survey using a random sample is a valid method, however responses are expected to be different from traditional face to face data collection.​
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Peter Grand (Institute for Advanced Studies, Austria)
Mode Effects in a Self-Completion Experiment in Austria
Survey research faces considerable obstacles while simultaneously technological advances offer new possibilities. F2F-Interviews became more and more expensive and response rates are lowering in a wide range of countries. During the worldwide COVID19 pandemic it became nearly impossible to conduct F2F-interviews and even if they have been possible we do not know what consequences this context has had on the data quality. Thus, big survey projects are looking for new ways of data collection which are in line with the pre-requisites of statistical sampling theory in order to uphold high methodological standards. In Austria, Hungary and Serbia the ESS conducted self-completion experiments using a web survey and paper questionnaire. In this paper I will present the Austrian data, compare it to external data sources and analyze possible mode effects using ESS round 9 data from Austria.
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Keywords: PtW, mode effect, methodology
Denisa Fedakova and Michal Kentos (Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovakia)
Is this device mine? Testing tablets as a tool for survey self-completion
​In 2021, the Slovak team of the European Social Survey participated in a pilot study on electronic devices (tablets) testing aimed at self-completion of public opinion survey questionnaires. Moreover, the respondent participation is not conditioned by the internet access because the tablet enables to complete the questionnaire that is uploaded in it. As a result, this approach creates the opportunity for respondents without internet access not being left outside the reach of the surveys. Additionally, the approach was tested as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic, which in several respects affected the implementation of the fieldwork so far implemented in the form of computer assisted personal interviews. The Electronic Questionnaire Device project (EQD) tested electronic devices (tablets) and collected the feedback from respondents who have no experience with the use of such devices and do not use the Internet. The aim of this contribution was to investigate and describe i) initial participants´ reactions to the device; ii) interest of respondents to use audio-recording as an alternative to typing for open questions; iii) willingness of respondents to participate in self-completion surveys again. The findings of the study showed up evidence for the overall acceptance of the tested approach. This approach aims to enable participation in a survey to those people who might not have been (approach)able to take part under other circumstances. In general, the participants were open to cooperation, and accepted the option of self-completion. While an acceptance of the device as a tool for the self-completion approach by respondents with low/uncompleted education remains questionable and uncertain, having some previous experience with ICT seemed to help in decreasing the initial stress and tension of the respondent to accept the self-completion option. However, the audio recording option for open ended questions was of low interest among respondents. These findings will, however, require further verification on larger samples of respondents. 
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Radka Hanzlova (Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Czechia)
Measurement invariance of model of wellbeing from ESS 6
Well-being is very important topic in many scientific fields and disciplines, and interest in its study has been growing significantly in recent decades. This is understandable, since level of well-being of individuals affects other areas of their lives (e.g. family life, health, job satisfaction), all of which are generally related to the functioning of any society. Finding out the level of well-being of people in a country is desirable and necessary, as these measurements can serve as a basis for various policy interventions.
However, measuring well-being correctly and appropriately is very problematic because there is no clear consensus among researchers on how to properly define well-being, which in turn leads to problems in its measurement. The main problem is how to measure subjective well-being – whether through a single question or as part of a multi-item battery, as a multidimensional concept – to be valid, reliable, and primarily comparable?
Both methods are used in the European Social Survey (ESS). The measurement with one simple question on happiness or life satisfaction has been repeated in each round since 2002, the measurement from a multidimensional perspective was included in Rounds 3 and 6. Specifically, in the Round 6 was firstly introduced a new theoretical model for measuring subjective well-being as a multidimensional concept. This model consists of 35 items divided into six dimensions of well-being (evaluative well-being, emotional well-being, functioning, vitality, community well-being, supportive relationships).
In my presentation, I will primarily focus on testing this multidimensional model from ESS 6. First, I will verify that the model is conceptually correct, fits the data, and measures validly, reliably, and especially comparably. The results showed that the model is not appropriate. The next step is therefore the modification of the model, which was carried out in several steps, resulting in the final model named the “overall model of well-being”. This model is composed of 22 items divided into five dimensions (relationships, engagement, vitality, meaning and purpose, emotions). The main part of my presentation will be devoted to testing invariance of the final model through MGCFA and alignment method and comparing their results.

Keywords: Well-being, measurement & methods
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Judit Takacs, Ivett Szalma and Gregory Swart (CSS -HU, University of Glasgow)
How to Measure Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians: Is one dimension enough?​
The European Social Survey (ESS) is one of the first international surveys which introduced a general acceptance question (Gay men and lesbians should be free to live their own lives as they wish) to measure the social attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women. By using this variable individual- and the country-level factors that can influence the general acceptance of gay and lesbian were revealed. In 2016 two new variables were introduced in the ESS standard questionnaire: “Gay male and lesbian couples should have the same rights to adopt children as straight couples”; “If a close family member was a gay man or a lesbian, I would feel ashamed”. With these new variables new dimensions of homophobia can be measured, including those related to family life norms and the “sticky stigma” dimensions.
The aim of our study is to examine how the same factors can influence the different dimensions of homophobia. By answering this question, we can contribute to a deeper understanding of the social mechanisms of homophobia in Europe. To that end we apply multilevel regression models on data collected the last (9th) round of ESS. According to our preliminary results, the two new variables show greater differences among both individuals and countries than the original general acceptance variable. Thus, our recommendation is using more than one variable when the aim is to provide a more nuanced picture regarding the social attitudes towards gays and lesbians in present day Europe.

Keywords: Homophobia, attitudes, measurement & methods

Venue
The event will be hosted at
Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpont (TK)
Center for Social Sciences (CSS)
1092 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán u. 4. 

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